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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Nitrophosphate process ： ウィキペディア英語版 Nitrophosphate process The nitrophosphate process (also known as the Odda process) was a method for the industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers invented by Erling Johnson in the municipality of Odda, Norway around 1927. The process involves acidifying phosphate rock with nitric acid to produce a mixture of phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate. :Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 HNO3 + 12 H2O → 2 H3PO4 + 3 Ca(NO3)2 + 12 H2O The mixture is cooled to below 0 °C, where the calcium nitrate crystallizes and can be separated from the phosphoric acid. :2 H3PO4 + 3 Ca(NO3)2 + 12 H2O → 2 H3PO4 + 3 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O The resulting calcium nitrate produces nitrogen fertilizer. The filtrate is composed mainly of phosphoric acid with some nitric acid and traces of calcium nitrate, and this is neutralized with ammonia to produce a compound fertilizer. :Ca(NO3)2 + 4 H3PO4 + 8 NH3 → CaHPO4 + 2 NH4NO3 + 3(NH4)2HPO4 If potassium chloride or potassium sulfate is added, the result will be NPK fertilizer. The process was an innovation for requiring neither the expensive sulfuric acid nor producing gypsum waste. The calcium nitrate mentioned before, can as said be worked up as calcium nitrate fertilizer but often it is converted into ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate using carbon dioxide and ammonia. :Ca(NO3)2 + 2 NH3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4NO3 + CaCO3 Both products can be worked up together as straight nitrogen fertilizer. Although Johnson created the process while working for the Odda Smelteverk, his company never employed it. Instead, it licensed the process to Norsk Hydro, BASF, Hoechst, and DSM. Each of these companies used the process, introduced variations, and licensed it to other companies. Today, only Yara (Norsk Hydro), BASF, Borealis Agrolinz Melamine GmbH, and GNFC still use the Odda process. Due to the alterations of the process by the various companies who employed it, the process is now generally referred to as the nitrophosphate process. Due to the byproduct ammonium nitrate which has lower value, the production of ammonium nitrophosphate fertilizer is not economical compared to diammonium phosphate which is produced from cheaper sulfuric acid or gypsum.. ==References== * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nitrophosphate process」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.